تعیین ژانر یک فیلم (1)
ﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ :
.1 ﺷﯿﻮﺓ ﺍﯾﺪه ﺂﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ: ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ.
.2 ﺷﯿﻮﺓ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﺔ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻓﯿﻠﻤﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮊﺍﻧﺮﯼﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ.
.3 ﺷﯿﻮﺓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ: ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ:
.1 ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺍﯼ ( Action): ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ، ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻭﻫﺮﺝ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻮﺩ.
.2 ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍﺟﻮﯾﺎﻧﻪ ( Adventure ): ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺪﻓﯽﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ .
.3 ﮐﻤﺪﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻃﻨﺰ ( Comedy): ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﺪﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽﺷﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .
.4 ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ( Drama ): ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﻤﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﺣﺰﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﻭ ﻏﻤﮕﯿﻦﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
.5 ﺣﺎﺭﻡ ( Harem ): ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ « ﺣﺮﻡ ﺳﺮﺍ» ﺩﺭﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﺮ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﻧﺚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹﻣﻮﻧﺚ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﺬﮐﺮ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻕﻣﯿﺸﻮﺩ. ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻧﯿﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﺍﭘﻨﯽ)
.6 ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺰﯼ ( Fantasy ): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﻭ،ﺳﺮﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺮﯼ ﻣﯿﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ .
.7 ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﯽ ( History ): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ.
.8 ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎﮎ ( Horror): ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺳﯽﺭﻧﺞ ﺁﻭﺭ،ﺩﺭﺩﻧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻤﺌﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﺗﺮﺱ،ﻭﺣﺸﺖ، ﺍﻧﺰﺟﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﺮ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺸﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﯽ ﺯﻧﺪ.
.9 ﻻﻟﯿﮑﻦ ( Lolicon ): ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﯾﻖ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﺍﻥﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺮﺩﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ. ﺍﯾﻦﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ. ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﯾﺎﺍﻧﯿﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﺍﭘﻨﯽ)
.10 ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺯﻣﯽ ( Martial arts ): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺯﻣﯽ ﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ. ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺭﺯﻣﯽﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﯾﮑﯿﺪﻭ ( ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ) ،ﮐﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ، ﺟﻮﺩ ،ﮐﻨﺪﻭ، ﺗﮑﻮﺍﻧﺪﻭ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺸﯿﺮﺑﺎﺯﯼ . (ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﯾﺎﺍﻧﯿﻤﯿﺸﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﺍﭘﻨﯽ)
.11 ﻣﻌﻤﺎﯾﯽ (Mystery): ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺﯾﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.12 ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ( Psychological ): ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪﺫﻫﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.13 ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ( Romance): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺒﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺬﮐﺮ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮﻧﺚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﻨﺠﺪ.
.14 ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ( School life ): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
.15 ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯽ ( Science fiction ﯾﺎ Sci-fi ):
ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪﭘﺪﯾﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺪﺭﻥﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.16 ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ( Slice of life ) : ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺭﻧﺞ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﯿﺂﻭﺭﺩ.
.17 ﻫﺰﻝ (Smut): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻔﺮﺁﻣﯿﺰ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻫﺎﻧﺖﺁﻣﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﺩﯾﻦ ﻭ ﻫﺮﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ .
.18 ﻭﺭﺯﺷﯽ ( Sport ) : ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﻣﯿﺸﻮﺩ.
.19 ﺧﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ(Supernatural): ﻗﺪﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼﺷﮕﻔﺖﺍﻧﮕﯿﺰﻭﺭﻭﯾﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪﮐﻪﺧﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﻭﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .
.20 ﺗﺮﺍﮊﺩﯼ ( Tragedy): ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﯾﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻈﯿﻢﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺪﺑﺨﺘﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﯿﺂﯾﺪ .
.21 ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ( Animation )ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﻮﯾﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ، ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ، ﺁﺑﺮﻧﮓ،ﺳﯿﺎﻩ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻭ...
.22 ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯿﻨﺎﻣﻪ (Biography): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﯽﺍﺯﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽﯾﮏﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ . ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯾﺖ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯿﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.23 ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ( Crime ) : ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﭽﻪﺟﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽﺗﺒﻬﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺘﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﯿﺎ ﻭ ...ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
.24 ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( Documentary): ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ.
.25 ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﯽ ( Family): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﯾﮏﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯾﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﯿﺎﻓﺘﺪ .
.26 ﻣﻮﺯﯾﮑﺎﻝ (Musical): ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻭﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﭘﯿﺸﺒﺮﺩ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﻨﺰ، ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺺ ﻧﯿﺰﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻣﯿﺸﻮﺩ.
.27 ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻟﻬﺮﻩ ﺁﻭﺭ ( Thriller): ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ، ﮐﺸﺶ ﻭ ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﯽﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﺍﻧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮﺭﺩﺓ ﮊﺍﻧﺮﻫﺎﯼﺭﺍﺯﺁﻟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﯾﻦﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼﺁﻟﻔﺮﺩﻫﯿﭽﮑﺎﮎﺍﺳﺖ .
.28 ﺟﻨﮕﯽ ( War ) : ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪﺟﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪﺟﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﯿﺮﺍﻥﺟﻨﮕﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﻔﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽﺍﺳﺖ .
.29 ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻥ ( Western): ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮊﺍﻧﺮﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﯿﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺮﻥ ۱۹ ﻣﯿﻼﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯼﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ.
.30 ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻧﻮﺁﺭ ( Film-Noir): ﺍﺻﻮﻻً ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎﻟﯿﻮﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏﻫﺎﻟﯿﻮﻭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﯾﻞ ﺩﻫﻪ ۱۹۴۰ ﺗﺎ